Culvert Design Software
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It is possible to design a culvert for the worst case using a parallel slope model. This method is based on a critical slope of 8 percent, which allows the calculation of the side slope based on half the critical slope. The method requires that the side slope be calculated under outlet control conditions. If outlet control is not required, then a conventional parallel slope model can be used to design a culvert to withstand a side slope of 8 percent.
Typical parallel slope models in software are based on the work of Songer (1973) and Songer and Yost (1980). These models use the hydraulic resistance of the culvert wall to calculate the side slope. The slope is derived from the unit gravity head calculated at the culvert outlet. The culvert wall resistance is calculated from the hydraulic resistance of the rock, soil, and any other material in the culvert. The hydraulic resistance of the culvert wall is the sum of the resistance of all the material in the culvert. The unit gravity head is the volume of water (or another fluid) per unit time (e.g., gallons per minute) that is discharged from the culvert. The unit gravity head is based on the volume of water discharged by the culvert divided by the area of the culvert.
Two software packages were selected for evaluation: Design Tools for Hydraulics (DT-Hyd; www.hypertower.com ) and Hydraulics Civil Engineering (HCE; www.fhwa.dot.gov/swtransportdiv/sw_trans/hyd_tools/hyd_tools.cfm ). Hydraulics Civil Engineering (HCE) is a software package developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to estimate the hydraulic characteristics of road segments and bridges.
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