Where Can I Buy Cat Sperm

Where Can I Buy Cat Sperm

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Various techniques have been described for the sperm collection in cats: artificial vagina, electroeja- culation, urethral catheterization after sedation with medetomidine and retrieval of epididymal sperm.

A trained tomcat mounts a queen in heat and grasps her in the neck to fix her (Figure 1). Subsequently, sperm is collected by using a small artificial vagina consisting of a 2 ml rubber bulb-pipette and a small test tube which is placed in a water bottle at 37C (Sojka et al., 1970). However, not all tomcats allow this procedure and if they allow it, they have mostly been trained for this procedure since puberty. Conse- quently, this method is largely restricted to universi- ties or research facilities with large breeding colonies of queens and trained tomcats but it is difficult to apply with tomcats that are presented only occasionally in daily practice.

The tomcat is anesthetized by using medetomidine (80-100 µg/kg IM) and ketamine (5 mg/kg IM) (Platz and Seager, 1978). After the removal of feces a probe with 3 electrodes is inserted 6 to 8 cm into the rectum (Figure 2A and B). Subsequently, a series of electrical stimuli is applied (e.g. 80 stimuli of 2, 3 and 4V in 3 successive series) which makes the tomcat to ejacu- late. By using this method sperm can be collected without any previous training or the presence of a queen in heat. Moreover, this procedure can be app- lied in every male which can be safely anaesthetized but is ethically questionable and is therefore prohibi- ted in several countries. Moreover, the required equip- ment is expensive and many cat owners and breeders are reluctant to apply this method.

This recently developed technique requires the se- dation of the tomcat using medetomidine (100-150 μg/kg; Zambelli et al., 2007, 2008; Filliers et al., 2010), which stimulates the α2-adrenergic receptors and allows the release of a small volume of highly con- centrated sperm from the cauda epididymis in the ure- thra. Subsequently, the sperm is collected by using a urinary catheter (Buster Cat Catheter, 1.0 mm x 13.0 cm), with its tip cut to get a shorter, open-ended ca-

Figure 1. Sperm collection in a tomcat using an artificial vagina. The trained male mounts the queen in heat, fixing her in the neck while an artificial vagina is inser- ted over the penis to collect the sperm (see arrow).

theter which is inserted approximately 9 cm into the urethra, taking care not to reach the bladder. Subse- quently, the catheter is removed from the urethra and the semen sample is collected. Immediately after col- lection, the sperm sample is placed in a pre-warmed Eppendorf tube with a diluent. Currently, this method is probably the most practical and the least invasive procedure for the sperm collection in tomcats in daily practice.

After castration the testicles and epididymi are col- lected and placed in a petridish. The epididymi are se- parated from the testicles, incised repeatedly using a scalpel after which the spermatozoa are allowed to dis- perse during 10 minutes in the surrounding medium (Hepes TALP or physiological saline solution; Filliers et al., 2008). Finally, the medium with the spermato- zoa is collected and purified by density gradient cen- trifugation (such as Percoll or Isolate). This procedure is rather easy to perform and is routinely performed in laboratories for in vitro fertilization ex- periments (Filliers et al., 2008). Additionally, it can be used for genetically valuable tomcats that unexpec- tedly died.

After the collection, the quality of the semen sam- ple is evaluated by assessing the main sperm parame- ters, i.e. the concentration, motility, morphology and the membrane integrity. The concentration can be mea- sured by means of a counting chamber (Bürker or Thoma), the motility by using subjective assessment of the percentage motile and progressively motile sper- matozoa on a pre-warmed glass slide and the morpho- logy and membrane integrity on e.g. eosin/nigrosin or diff-quick stained slides. Recently, several new tech- niques for sperm assessment have been described in cats,such as computer assisted sperm analysis and fluorescent stainings, which allow a more detailed sperm assessment (Filliers et al., 2008, 2010). One of the most important disadvantages for the sperm eva-

After the collection and evaluation, mostly fresh spermatozoa are inseminated. However, cat semen can be conserved either chilled at 4-5C for several days or cryopreserved at -196C for a long period, which makes (inter)national transport and use of the genetic material of valuable breeding animals possible (Zam- belli et al., 2008).

tensible vagina (Tanaka et al., 2000). The animals are in dorsal recumbency (up to 20 minutes after AI) with the hind quarters elevated to improve the transport of the spermatozoa into the uterus.

Intrauterine AI can be obtained by performing a la- parotomy and direct injection of the spermatozoa into the uterus of an anesthesized queen by means of a sy- ringe and a small needle (25G) (Tsutsui et al., 2000). Although this procedure is easy to perform, it is con- sidered invasive and unethical and is therefore prohi- bited in several countries. Alternatively, several techniques have been described using specific types of transcervical catheters and a speculum (Figure 3), which requires practice to master. Zambelli and Cunto (2005) successfully applied a transcervical intra-ute- rine technique with the aid of transrectal digital mani- pulation (Figure 3D). The latter technique takes only several minutes to perform but requires an extensive training period.

The results that can be obtained by AI in the cat are variable and depend on many factors, such as the type of semen used (fresh, chilled or frozen), the site of in- semination (intravaginal or intrauterine), the number of inseminated spermatozoa, the quality of the sper- matozoa. Moreover, studies published on the results obtained after AI in the cat are scarce and frequently include only a small number of animals. In Table 2, the results that can be obtained by AI in cats are sum- marized. In general, the results obtained after AI with fresh semen are acceptable, whereas the results after AI with frozen semen are at present poor. The number of spermatozoa necessary to obtain acceptable preg- nancy rates (75-80%) is lower when the sperm is in- seminated directly into the uterus than in the case of intravaginal insemination. Intrauterine AI is therefore recommended for cryopreserved and poor quality semen.

Filliers M., Rijsselaere T., De Causmaecker V., Bossaert P., Dewulf J., Pope C.E., Van Soom A. (2008). Computer- assisted semen analysis of fresh epididymal cat sperma- tozoa and the impact of cooled storage (4C) on sperm quality. Theriogenology 70, 1550-1559.

Filliers M., Rijsselaere T., Bossaert P., Zambelli D., Anastasi P., Hoogewijs M., Van Soom A. (2010). In vitro evalua- tion of fresh sperm quality in tomcats: a comparison of two collection techniques. Theriogenology 74, 31-39.

Zambelli D., Cunto M., Prati F., Merlo B. (2007). Effects of ketamine or medetomidine administration on quality of electro-ejaculated sperm and on sperm flow in the do- mestic cat. Theriogenology 68, 796-803.

The female ocelot lay anesthetized on the exam table, behind the scenes at the Albuquerque Biopark Zoo. As a veterinarian on the team preparing to artificially inseminate this animal, my palms were sweating at the thought of missing a step, dropping the sperm sample, or finding out our sample did not survive freezing. Any of these possibilities would end the procedure.

It was the first time anyone was trying to produce a pregnancy in a zoo-born female ocelot using sperm recovered from a deceased wild male ocelot. If the July 2021 operation worked, it would give his genes a way to live on past his death. This procedure was an important step in efforts to conserve endangered cat species so they can persist into the future.

By testing thawed semen, our team has found that many of these sperm samples were capable of fertilizing cat eggs in vitro. The next step is figuring out whether the frozen wild ocelot semen really can produce kittens via artificial insemination. So Swanson packed up three frozen straws to ship to Albuquerque in a liquid nitrogen dry shipper tank to make sure they remain at -320 F (-196 C) throughout the journey.

Semen can be collected from most males without the need for a teaser bitch, particularly if the male has had semen collected previously. However, use of a bitch will almost certainly expedite the procedure and allow more sperm to be harvested. Ideally the teaser should be in estrus, but considering the length of the canine cycle, that is often difficult to arrange, and a friendly, non-estrus bitch will often serve the purpose. If a bitch is used, she should be controlled with her rear quarters facing the male.

Artificial insemination with frozen cauda epididymal sperm was performed in cats. Sperm were transmigrated from the epididymides in 10 male cats. The mean sperm motility and viability were 67% and 82.5%, respectively, and 11.6 x 10(7) sperm were recovered. The mean sperm motility after thawing was 24.0%. Eleven female cats received unilateral intrauterine insemination of 5 x 10(7) sperm, and the conception rate was 27.3% (3/11). This was the first case of conception obtained with frozen epididymal sperm in cats.

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